The public has high expectations regarding availability of food, including global food security, feed and food safety, animal welfare, and the protection of natural resources and of the environment. To meet these expectations and solve conflicts of interest requires extensive research. Animal nutrition research needs both, animal trials and alternative replacement methods. If appropriate alternative methods are not available, animal trials are indispensable. The planning and carrying out of animal trials are based on the 3 R principle, minimizing any load, stress and discomfort of the animals.

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